Septic shock is primarily caused by which condition?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Infection
• C. Allergic reaction
• D. Trauma

Answer: (B)

Septic shock arises when an infection triggers a systemic inflammatory response that causes widespread vasodilation, capillary leak, and impaired tissue perfusion. The infection is the initiating event, leading to persistent low blood pressure and organ dysfunction even after fluids are given. Dehydration causes hypovolemic shock from fluid loss, an allergic reaction causes anaphylactic shock with rapid airway and vascular effects, and trauma can lead to hemorrhagic or hypovolemic shock from blood loss. Therefore, infection is the primary driver of septic shock.