What is the term for the process of moving air into the lungs called?

• A. Respiration
• B. Ventilation
• C. Circulation
• D. Perfusion

Answer: (B)

Ventilation is the term for moving air into the lungs. It’s the mechanical process driven by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles that expands and contracts the thoracic cavity, creating pressure changes so air flows in during inhalation and out during exhalation. This is distinct from respiration, which refers to gas exchange at the alveoli and the cellular use of oxygen. Circulation and perfusion describe blood flow: circulation is the movement of blood through the body, while perfusion is blood flow to tissues. So ventilation specifically names the breathing muscle action that brings air into the lungs.