What is the term for emotional or verbal abuse that seriously affects a child's positive emotional development, well-being, and self-esteem?

• A. Physical abuse
• B. Psychological abuse
• C. Neglect
• D. Sexual abuse

Answer: (B)

Psychological (emotional) abuse is when ongoing patterns of belittling, threats, humiliation, rejection, or controlling and isolating a child seriously undermine their emotional development, well-being, and self-esteem. This form of harm targets the child’s internal sense of self and security, even if there’s no visible physical injury. It’s distinct from physical abuse, which harms the body; neglect, which fails to meet basic emotional or physical needs; and sexual abuse, which involves inappropriate sexual behavior or exploitation. Because psychological abuse can occur without obvious signs, its effects—anxiety, depression, attachment problems, and persistently low self-worth—can be long-lasting if not recognized and addressed.